Umea University scientists have studied Yersinia pseudotuberculosis for many years. The bacterium can cause Far East scarlet-like fever in humans. Symptoms of Y pseudotuberculosis infection generally includes fever, abdominal pain, and rash. In rare cases, it has been associated with septic complications.

Previously, the investigators found a mechanism by which the bacteria infect people. A protein structure, known as Type III secretion system (T3SS), helps the bacteria to deliver their proteins into the host cell, which damage the host cell. T3SS is located in the cell-walls of the bacteria, and it is like a syringe. It helps the bacteia detect the presence of eukaryotic organisms and secrete proteins into these cells. It's composed of about 30 different proteins.

In addition, the investigators discovered several other bacteria species also have T3SS. T3SS is essential for the pathogenicity of these bacteria. In this work, the investigators identify that the rapid production of the T3SS proteins is associated with infection.

The research team, in collaboration with scientists at Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, looked at the virulence mechanism of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. On the virulence plasmid of the bacteria, there are genes that are important for infection.

Experiments were carried out in both human cell lines and animal models. One major discovery of the research was that a single copy of the virulence plasmid is not enough to cause infection. However, after Yersinia bind to host cells, they begin to multiply their plasmids. As a result, the bacteria are able to generate a lot of T3SS and other proteins that help to infect host cells. The study is the first to show that the elevated number of virulence plasmids is important to the bacterial infection.

One researcher Helen Wang noted that the bacteria adopted a clever strategy. Because it will cost a lot of energy to carry many plasmids. The bacterium carries one copy of the plasmid. When it binds to a host cell, it can rapidly amplify the plasmid.  A large number of the plasmids then help it to infect the host cell.

You can found various proteins, such as Recombinant HTR1B, in the website of Flarebio. All of them are of high quality and can be used in experiment.

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